Kala-azar Vector in India

• There is only one sandfly vector of Kala-azar in India Phlebotomus aregentipes

• Sandflies are small insects, about one fourth of a mosquito.  The length of a snadfly body ranges from 1.5 to 3.5 mm.
• Adult is a small fuzzy, delicately proportionate fly with erect large wings. The entire body including wings is heavily clothed with long hairs.
• Life cycle consists of egg, four instars of larvae, pupa and adult. The whole cycle takes more than a month, however, duration depends on temperature and other ecological conditions
• They prefer high relative humidity, warm temperature, high subsoil water and abundance of vegetation.
• Sandflies breed in favourable micro-climatic conditions in places with high organic matter that serve as food for larvae
• These are ecologically sensitive insects, fragile and cannot withstand desiccation